The nocebo effect may influence the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine

People’s negative expectations and general attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine are significantly correlated with the occurrence and intensity of its most common side effects such as fatigue, muscle pain, headache and injection site pain. This is suggested by a study published in Psychological Science and led by scientists from the University of Bologna, who investigated how adverse effects reported after vaccination can be influenced by the nocebo effect, the opposite of the placebo effect.

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