Scientists unveil genetic programs controlling the development of cellular diversity in the cerebellum

The evolution of higher cognitive functions in human beings has so far mostly been linked to the expansion of the neocortex—a region of the brain that is responsible, inter alia, for conscious thought, movement and sensory perception. Researchers are increasingly realizing, however, that the “little brain” or cerebellum also expanded during evolution and probably contributes to the capacities unique to humans, explains Prof. Dr. Henrik Kaessmann from the Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University.