Racial, ethnic disparities persist in access to chiropractic care, physical rehabilitation for adults with low back pain

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and a major driver of health care costs in the United States, according to the World Health Organization. Over the last 20 years, recommended treatment of low back pain has shifted from use of pain medications including opioids to early use of nonpharmacologic treatments such as spinal manipulation and therapeutic exercise, which are commonly provided by chiropractors and physical therapists.