El Niño, La Niña, and infectious disease: Understanding how ENSO cycles impact immunity and outbreak patterns

Variations in temperature, precipitation, and humidity can influence the spread of infectious diseases, including by altering the habitats of disease transmitters such as mosquitoes. Extreme weather events can disrupt health care responses as well. Previous studies have shown that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with its alternating warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) phases, alters extreme weather and may also influence the spread of infectious diseases, such as cholera, dengue, malaria, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Rift Valley fever.

Study finds key factors to boost school readiness in low birth weight kids

School readiness is central to child well-being and is predictive of not only academic, but also long-term economic and health outcomes according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). However, new research reveals a concerning gap in school readiness for children with low birth weight, with only one-third of these children being on track for school readiness — lower than reported for the general pediatric population.