Cooling treatment for preterm infants with encephalopathy offers no benefits over standard care, finds study

Lowering the body temperature of preterm infants (born at 33 to 35 weeks of pregnancy) with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)—a type of brain damage caused by oxygen loss—offers no benefits over standard care, according to a study. Previous studies of near-term and term infants (born after 36 weeks) with HIE had found that this cooling treatment, which lowers body temperature to about 92 degrees Fahrenheit, significantly reduced the risk of death or disability by age 18 months (corrected for prematurity).

Hormone FGF21 found to influence brain’s food reward system in response to protein restriction

When faced with multiple food options and ultimately choosing one, the factors of that decision-making process may be more physiological than previously assumed. A group of scientists led by Pennington Biomedical Research Center’s Dr. Christopher Morrison has discovered that the hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an influential role in brain reward mechanisms like those involved in dietary choices.

Five days of ultra-processed food: Study finds that’s enough to alter insulin and reward functions in the brain

Researchers at the Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, in collaboration with the German Center for Diabetes Research, have found that a short-term, high-caloric diet impairs brain insulin responsiveness and increases liver fat in healthy weight men, with effects extending beyond the consumption period.

People’s spontaneous thought patterns fall into four main clusters, study finds

Thoughts that arise spontaneously when humans are not deliberately trying to think of something are known to play a key role in decision-making and various cognitive functions, as well as in some mental health disorders. In fact, psychology studies suggest that individuals diagnosed with various psychopathological disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders, can experience maladaptive spontaneous thought patterns, such as overthinking or obsessing over specific things, catastrophizing and ruminating about aspects of life that are challenging or painful.